Activated Carbon Modeling - How does it work?

Predict’s activated carbon modeling software is powered by three sources:

• The Freundlich equation or Freundlich adsorption isotherm. An adsorption isotherm is an empirical relationship between the quantity of a gas adsorbed into a solid surface and the gas pressure. The same relationship is also applicable for the concentration of a solute adsorbed onto the surface of a solid and the concentration of the solute in the liquid phase. In 1909, German scientist Herbert Freundlich gave an expression representing the isothermal variation of adsorption of a quantity of gas adsorbed by unit mass of solid adsorbent with gas pressure. This equation x/m = k.P1/n is known as Freundlich adsorption isotherm or Freundlich adsorption equation.
  
• Experimental results supporting the Freundlich equation, validating the behavior of adsorption within a certain range of temperatures and pressures.
  
• Artificial Intelligence capabilities that allow machine learning to model almost any chemical, while predicting the accuracy of the modeling, based on the Freundlich equation and inputted experimental data.
  

Ion Exchange Modeling - How does it work?

Predict utilizes the capacity of the ion exchange material (volume of exchangeable ions it can remove from a solution), the composition of the solution (concentration and type of ions present in it), and a mass balance equation to relate the volume of ions removed by the ion exchange material to the volume of ions remaining in the solution. The mass balance equation can be written as:

Qi=Ceq,iCiVi−CfVf

where:
1. Ci is the initial concentration of an ion in the solution (mg/L)
2. Vi is the initial volume of the solution (L)
3. Cf is the final concentration of an ion in the solution (mg/L)
4. Vf is the final volume of the solution (L)
5. Qi is the capacity of the ion exchange material for an ion (mg/g)
6. Ceq,i is the equilibrium concentration of an ion on the ion exchange material (mg/g)

This equation powers Predict and allows the user to model ion exchange consumption based on an individual application’s flow and concentrations.

Over 100 commonly used ion exchange brands’ capacity data are pre-loaded into the Predict modeling program. If you do not find your specific ion exchange brand, Predict can estimate and model the ion exchange consumption by guiding you through a simple process of selecting what type of product you plan on utilizing for your project.

A wide array of ion exchange resins is available to remove dissolved ionic contaminates from water. IX resins target contaminants for removal based on their electrical charges. :

• Strong Acid Cation (SAC) resins are often the best choice for water softening and demineralization applications. SAC resins are a relatively safe and cost-effective method for removal of scale-forming hardness, such as calcium and magnesium, as they may be regenerated with a concentrated salt solution, such as a sodium chloride brine. When used in the hydrogen cycle with sulfuric or hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a regenerant, SAC resins are also highly effective for demineralization.
  
• Weak Acid Cation (WAC) resins are a cost-effective choice for de-alkalization applications where the feed water has a high proportion of hardness to alkalinity. The WAC resin accomplishes this by removing divalent cations (i.e., calcium), and replacing them with hydrogen / sodium depending on process conditions. Depending upon process needs, the IX process may be followed with degasification and/or pH adjustment. WAC resins are also good choices for softening of streams with high salinity.
  
• Strong Base Anion (SBA) are a good choice for silica removal and removal of uranium, nitrates (NO3) and halogens.
  
• Weak Base Anion (WBA) resins are effective for deionization applications where removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) and/or silicon dioxide (SiO2) is not required. WBA resins are also effective for acid absorption, as they work to neutralize strong mineral acids
  
• Chelating resins are effective for removal and/or recovery of metals from solutions, including solutions with high dissolved solids concentrations. Applications using chelating resin include sodium (Na), potassium (K) and lithium (Li) brine purification for feeding electrochemical cells, hydrometallurgy, metals concentration, and recovery for metals such as cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu).
  
• Polymer Catalysts are mostly used for organic contaminants such as phenols, alcohols and aldehydes.
  

Sludge Generation Calculator - How does it work?

When planning a water treatment project, where you are using flocculants or coagulants, knowing your solid waste (sludge) volumes is a critical part of project management and operational planning.

Predict software allows you to simply input each individual contaminant in your water, followed by the flow rate or volume of water. Based on your input parameters, Predict will calculate the anticipated solid waste generated.

As with all other Predict’s modeling, you can generate a report, with your imbedded information, that can be easily shared with your team, client, or regulatory agencies.